# Debt-to-income ratio calculator (DTI)

> Calculate your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), front-end and back-end, against lender limits, and the debt cut or income rise that reaches your target.

Phiên bản tương tác: https://www.calcopenly.com/vi/finance/debt-to-income-ratio-calculator
Chủ đề: Máy tính tài chính

Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is your monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income. The back-end ratio counts every debt payment, housing included; the front-end ratio counts only the housing payment. Lenders read the back-end figure first: Fannie Mae's maximum is 36% for manually underwritten loans, 45% with credit-score and reserve requirements and 50% through its Desktop Underwriter system.

With the defaults, $6,000 of gross monthly income and $2,200 of debt payments give a back-end DTI of 36.67% and a front-end ratio of 25%. Cutting payments by $40 a month, or earning $111.11 more, brings the back-end ratio to 36%.

Use gross income before tax. Payments count, balances do not: a card with a $4,000 balance and a $100 minimum adds $100. Living costs such as utilities, groceries and insurance other than on the home stay out.

## Dữ liệu đầu vào

- **Gross income**: Before tax: salary, wages, bonuses, alimony received, pensions and other steady income.
- **Income is** (lựa chọn: Per month, Per year)
- **Rent or mortgage payment (per month)**: For a mortgage, include property tax, homeowners insurance, HOA dues and mortgage insurance. Lenders use the payment on the home you are buying.
- **Car loans and leases (per month)**
- **Student loans (per month)**
- **Credit card minimum payments (per month)**: The minimum due on each statement, not the balance or what you choose to pay.
- **Personal and other loans (per month)**
- **Child support and alimony (per month)**
- **Other monthly obligations (per month)**: Any other recurring debt payment that shows on your credit report or court order.
- **Target back-end DTI**

## Kết quả

- Debt-to-income ratio (back-end) — kết quả chính
- Housing ratio (front-end)
- Back-end band
- Total monthly debt payments
- Gross monthly income
- Payment cut needed to reach the target
- Income increase needed to reach the target
- Gross monthly income needed at the target
- Payments you could add and stay at the target
- Largest housing payment within the target

## Công thức

$$
\text{DTI}_{\text{back}} = \frac{\sum \text{monthly debt payments}}{\text{gross monthly income}} \times 100,\qquad \text{DTI}_{\text{front}} = \frac{\text{housing payment}}{\text{gross monthly income}} \times 100
$$

## Ví dụ có lời giải

### CFPB example: $2,000 of debts on $6,000

- Gross income: 6000
- Income is: Per month
- Rent or mortgage payment (per month): 1500
- Car loans and leases (per month): 100
- Student loans (per month): 0
- Credit card minimum payments (per month): 0
- Personal and other loans (per month): 0
- Child support and alimony (per month): 0
- Other monthly obligations (per month): 400
- Target back-end DTI: 36%
- **Debt-to-income ratio (back-end): 33.00%**
- **Housing ratio (front-end): 25.00%**
- **Total monthly debt payments: 2,000.00**
- Nguồn đối chiếu: CFPB, What is a debt-to-income ratio?: $1,500 mortgage + $100 auto + $400 other debts = $2,000 ÷ $6,000 gross = 33%

### 45% DTI brought to 36%

- Gross income: 5000
- Income is: Per month
- Rent or mortgage payment (per month): 1400
- Car loans and leases (per month): 450
- Student loans (per month): 300
- Credit card minimum payments (per month): 100
- Personal and other loans (per month): 0
- Child support and alimony (per month): 0
- Other monthly obligations (per month): 0
- Target back-end DTI: 36%
- **Debt-to-income ratio (back-end): 45.00%**
- **Housing ratio (front-end): 28.00%**
- **Payment cut needed to reach the target: 450.00**
- **Gross monthly income needed at the target: 6,250.00**
- **Income increase needed to reach the target: 1,250.00**
- **Back-end band: Over 36%, up to 45%**
- Nguồn đối chiếu: Hand calculation: 2,250 ÷ 5,000 = 45%; 36% × 5,000 = 1,800 so cut 450; 2,250 ÷ 0.36 = 6,250

### Annual salary of $90,000

- Gross income: 90,000
- Income is: Per year
- Rent or mortgage payment (per month): 2100
- Car loans and leases (per month): 400
- Student loans (per month): 0
- Credit card minimum payments (per month): 0
- Personal and other loans (per month): 0
- Child support and alimony (per month): 0
- Other monthly obligations (per month): 0
- Target back-end DTI: 36%
- **Gross monthly income: 7,500.00**
- **Debt-to-income ratio (back-end): 33.33%**
- **Housing ratio (front-end): 28.00%**
- **Payments you could add and stay at the target: 200.00**
- **Largest housing payment within the target: 2,300.00**
- **Payment cut needed to reach the target: không áp dụng**
- Nguồn đối chiếu: Hand calculation: 90,000 ÷ 12 = 7,500; 2,500 ÷ 7,500 = 33.33%; 36% × 7,500 = 2,700, less 2,500 = 200 of room; 2,700 − 400 = 2,300

### Above Fannie Mae's 50% maximum

- Gross income: 4000
- Income is: Per month
- Rent or mortgage payment (per month): 1600
- Car loans and leases (per month): 300
- Student loans (per month): 200
- Credit card minimum payments (per month): 150
- Personal and other loans (per month): 0
- Child support and alimony (per month): 0
- Other monthly obligations (per month): 0
- Target back-end DTI: 50%
- **Debt-to-income ratio (back-end): 56.25%**
- **Back-end band: Over 50%**
- **Payment cut needed to reach the target: 250.00**
- **Income increase needed to reach the target: 500.00**
- Nguồn đối chiếu: Hand calculation: 2,250 ÷ 4,000 = 56.25%; 50% × 4,000 = 2,000, cut 250; 2,250 ÷ 0.5 = 4,500, raise 500

### No debt payments (edge)

- Gross income: 5000
- Income is: Per month
- Rent or mortgage payment (per month): 0
- Car loans and leases (per month): 0
- Student loans (per month): 0
- Credit card minimum payments (per month): 0
- Personal and other loans (per month): 0
- Child support and alimony (per month): 0
- Other monthly obligations (per month): 0
- Target back-end DTI: 36%
- **Debt-to-income ratio (back-end): 0.00%**
- **Housing ratio (front-end): 0.00%**
- **Payments you could add and stay at the target: 1,800.00**
- **Back-end band: 36% or less**
- Nguồn đối chiếu: Hand calculation: 0 ÷ 5,000 = 0%; 36% × 5,000 = 1,800 of room

## Câu hỏi

### How do you calculate debt-to-income ratio?

Add up your monthly debt payments and divide by your gross monthly income, then multiply by 100. The CFPB's example: a $1,500 mortgage payment, a $100 auto loan and $400 of other debts total $2,000; on $6,000 of gross monthly income the DTI is 33%. The front-end ratio uses only the housing payment, 25% here.

### What is a good debt-to-income ratio?

36% or less. The CFPB suggests keeping total debt payments at 36% of gross income or below and housing at 28% to 35%, and Freddie Mac's guideline for manually underwritten loans is 28% for housing and 36% in total. Fannie Mae accepts up to 45% with credit-score and reserve requirements and up to 50% through Desktop Underwriter.

### What is the maximum DTI for a mortgage?

50% for a conventional loan approved through Fannie Mae's Desktop Underwriter, and 45% for a manually underwritten one that meets the credit-score and reserve requirements (Selling Guide B3-6-02). FHA's manual-underwriting limits without compensating factors are 31% for housing and 43% in total. The CFPB notes some lenders go to 43% or higher.

### How can I lower my debt-to-income ratio?

Cut monthly payments or raise gross income. To reach a target, the most your debts can be is target × income, and the income you need is debts ÷ target. With $2,250 of payments on $5,000 a month (45%), reaching 36% takes cutting payments by $450 or raising income by $1,250 a month. Paying off a loan outright removes its whole payment, which usually moves the ratio fastest.

### “Debt-to-income ratio calculator (DTI)” chính xác đến mức nào?

Độ chính xác phụ thuộc vào dữ liệu nhập và giả định của phương pháp. Phép tính thập phân dùng 50 chữ số có nghĩa, nhưng ước lượng, phương pháp số và dữ liệu nguồn có thể kém chính xác hơn; làm tròn khi hiển thị không loại bỏ các giới hạn đó. Ví dụ có lời giải đã đối chiếu với nguồn độc lập: 5. Ví dụ, “CFPB example: $2,000 of debts on $6,000” được kiểm tra bằng CFPB, What is a debt-to-income ratio?: $1,500 mortgage + $100 auto + $400 other debts = $2,000 ÷ $6,000 gross = 33%.

### Phương pháp này lấy từ đâu?

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: What is a debt-to-income ratio?; Fannie Mae Selling Guide B3-6-02, Debt-to-Income Ratios; Freddie Mac Single-Family Seller/Servicer Guide 5401.1 and 5401.2: housing expense and debt payment-to-income ratios; CFPB, Your Money, Your Goals toolkit: debt-to-income calculator; HUD Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 4000.1 (FHA qualifying ratios).

## Nguồn

- [Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: What is a debt-to-income ratio?](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-is-a-debt-to-income-ratio-en-1791/)
- [Fannie Mae Selling Guide B3-6-02, Debt-to-Income Ratios](https://selling-guide.fanniemae.com/sel/b3-6-02/debt-income-ratios)
- [Freddie Mac Single-Family Seller/Servicer Guide 5401.1 and 5401.2: housing expense and debt payment-to-income ratios](https://guide.freddiemac.com/app/guide/section/5401.2)
- [CFPB, Your Money, Your Goals toolkit: debt-to-income calculator](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/educator-tools/your-money-your-goals/toolkit/)
- [HUD Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 4000.1 (FHA qualifying ratios)](https://www.hud.gov/hud-partners/single-family-handbook-4000-1)

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