Calculate what a purchase will cost after inflation, what your money will still buy, and your real return after inflation.
Diperbarui Contoh terverifikasi: 4
At 3% inflation, what costs $1,000.00 today costs $1,343.92 in 10 years, and $1,000.00 kept as cash buys only $744.09 worth of today's goods. Earning 6% beats inflation: the real return is 2.913% a year.
| Tahun | Cost of the purchase | Buying power of the amount | Savings (nominal) | Savings (today's money) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $1,030.00 | $970.87 | $1,060.00 | $1,029.13 |
| 2 | $1,060.90 | $942.60 | $1,123.60 | $1,059.10 |
| 3 | $1,092.73 | $915.14 | $1,191.02 | $1,089.95 |
| 4 | $1,125.51 | $888.49 | $1,262.48 | $1,121.69 |
| 5 | $1,159.27 | $862.61 | $1,338.23 | $1,154.37 |
| 6 | $1,194.05 | $837.48 | $1,418.52 | $1,187.99 |
| 7 | $1,229.87 | $813.09 | $1,503.63 | $1,222.59 |
| 8 | $1,266.77 | $789.41 | $1,593.85 | $1,258.20 |
| 9 | $1,304.77 | $766.42 | $1,689.48 | $1,294.84 |
| 10 | $1,343.92 | $744.09 | $1,790.85 | $1,332.56 |
The exact Fisher relation; the shortcut nominal − inflation overstates the real rate slightly.
Inflation raises prices by a percentage each year, and it compounds like interest. At a steady rate π, a purchase costing A today costs A(1 + π)^n after n years, and cash held for n years buys only A ÷ (1 + π)^n of today's goods. The real return on savings follows Irving Fisher's relation: (1 + nominal rate) ÷ (1 + inflation) − 1.
With the defaults, 1,000 and 3% inflation for 10 years, the same purchase will cost 1,343.92 and cash of 1,000 will buy 744.09 of today's goods, a 25.59% loss of purchasing power. Savings earning 6% have a real return of 2.9126% a year, not 3%, and grow to 1,332.56 in today's money.
The inflation rate is held constant. Official price indices such as the US CPI-U move unevenly and differ by basket and country, so for past prices use the index values themselves, for example through the BLS CPI inflation calculator.
Sumber pemeriksaan: Python decimal: 1000·1.03^10 = 1343.9164; 1000/1.03^10 = 744.0939; 1.06/1.03 − 1 = 2.912621 %
Sumber pemeriksaan: With π = 0 the real rate equals the nominal rate; 1000·1.06^10 = 1790.8477 (Python decimal)
Sumber pemeriksaan: Python decimal: 100·0.98^5 = 90.3921; 100/0.98^5 = 110.6292; 1.01/0.98 − 1 = 3.0612 %
Sumber pemeriksaan: Python decimal: 50000·1.065^20 = 176182.2532; 1.08/1.065 − 1 = 1.40845 %
Multiply today's price by (1 + inflation rate) raised to the number of years. At 3% a year, something costing 1,000 today costs 1,000 × 1.03^10 = 1,343.92 in 10 years, a total price rise of 34.39%. At 3.4% a year it would cost 1,397.03.
Divide (1 + nominal return) by (1 + inflation) and subtract 1, the Fisher relation. Savings earning 6% while prices rise 3% have a real return of 1.06 ÷ 1.03 − 1 = 2.9126% a year. The shortcut 6% − 3% = 3% overstates it slightly, and the gap grows with higher rates.
US consumer prices (CPI-U) rose 3.4% in the 12 months to August 2026, and 2.4% excluding food and energy, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Federal Reserve's target is 2% a year, measured by the PCE price index rather than the CPI; the Bank of England and the European Central Bank also target 2%.
ln 2 ÷ ln(1 + inflation rate) years. At 2% inflation cash loses half its purchasing power in 35.0 years, at 3% in 23.4 years and at 3.4% in 20.7 years. Even at a 2% target rate, 1,000 held as cash for 10 years loses 17.97% of what it can buy.
Akurasi bergantung pada masukan dan asumsi metode. Aritmetika desimal memakai 50 digit signifikan, tetapi perkiraan, metode numerik dan data sumber bisa kurang presisi; pembulatan yang ditampilkan tidak menghilangkan batasan itu. Contoh penyelesaian yang diperiksa dengan sumber independen: 4. Misalnya, “1,000 at 3% inflation for 10 years, savings at 6%” diperiksa dengan Python decimal: 1000·1.03^10 = 1343.9164; 1000/1.03^10 = 744.0939; 1.06/1.03 − 1 = 2.912621 %.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics — CPI inflation calculator; Fisher, I. — The Theory of Interest (1930), real vs nominal rates.
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