Calculate CD interest and maturity value from the APY or APR and compounding, convert APY to APR, and see what an early withdrawal penalty costs.
업데이트 검증한 예제: 6
$10,000.00 at 4% APY (3.9223% APR) grows to $10,400.00 over 12 months, earning $400.00. Cashing out after 6 months returns $10,099.98 once the $98.06 penalty is taken.
| 월 | 이자 | 잔액 | Cash-out value after penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $32.74 | $10,032.74 | $9,934.68 |
| 2 | $32.84 | $10,065.58 | $9,967.52 |
| 3 | $32.95 | $10,098.53 | $10,000.48 |
| 4 | $33.06 | $10,131.59 | $10,033.54 |
| 5 | $33.17 | $10,164.76 | $10,066.71 |
| 6 | $33.28 | $10,198.04 | $10,099.98 |
| 7 | $33.39 | $10,231.42 | $10,133.37 |
| 8 | $33.50 | $10,264.92 | $10,166.86 |
| 9 | $33.60 | $10,298.52 | $10,200.47 |
| 10 | $33.71 | $10,332.24 | $10,234.18 |
| 11 | $33.83 | $10,366.06 | $10,268.01 |
| 12 | $33.94 | $10,400.00 | $10,400.00 |
Each month counts as 365 ÷ 12 days. Banks count the actual days, which can move daily-compounded interest by a few cents.
Simple interest on the deposit at the APR for the penalty period.
A certificate of deposit pays a fixed rate for a fixed term. The value at maturity is the deposit times (1 + APR ÷ k) raised to k × years, where k is the number of compounding periods a year; entered as an APY, the same value is the deposit times (1 + APY) raised to the years. The calculator converts between the two rates and shows what breaking the CD early leaves you after a penalty of a set number of months of interest.
With the defaults, $10,000 in a 12-month CD at 4.00% APY compounded daily earns $400.00. That APY equals an APR of 3.9223%. Cashing out after 6 months with a 3-month penalty leaves $10,099.98, since the $98.06 penalty takes about half of the $198.04 earned by then.
The penalty is computed as simple interest on the deposit at the APR. Deposit agreements differ, and Regulation DD requires the bank to disclose how its penalty is calculated. Terms in months use 365 ÷ 12 days per month.
검증 출처: 12 CFR 1030 Appendix A, Part I.A, example (2): interest $30.37, APY 6.18% (Python decimal: (1 + 0.06/365)^365 − 1 = 6.183131 %)
검증 출처: calculator.net CD calculator default inputs (10,000, 5%, 3 years, annually) and its published result, $11,576.25 and $1,576.25 interest
검증 출처: Python decimal: 12 × (1.05^(1/12) − 1) = 4.888949 %; one year at 5% APY is 10,500 by definition
검증 출처: Python decimal: r = 365 × (1.04^(1/365) − 1); penalty 10,000 × r × 3/12; 10,000 × 1.04^0.5 − penalty
Multiply the deposit by (1 + APR ÷ k) to the power k × years, where k is the compounding periods per year, and subtract the deposit. $10,000 at a 5% APR compounded yearly for 3 years grows to 10,000 × 1.05³ = $11,576.25, so the interest is $1,576.25. With the rate given as an APY, use (1 + APY) to the power of the years instead.
The APR is the stated yearly rate before compounding; the APY includes compounding and shows what $100 earns in a year. A 5% APY compounded monthly is an APR of 4.8889%, and a 6% APR compounded daily is an APY of 6.1831%. Regulation DD (Truth in Savings) requires banks to disclose both, and the APY is the one to compare CDs on.
Whatever the deposit agreement says, usually a number of months or days of interest. The federal minimum is in Regulation D: money withdrawn within six days of deposit must lose at least seven days' simple interest. On $10,000 at a 3.9223% APR, a 3-month penalty is 10,000 × 0.039223 × 3 ÷ 12 = $98.06.
Yes, when the penalty is larger than the interest earned so far. On $10,000 at 4% APY, one month earns $32.74, but a 3-month penalty is $98.06, so cashing out returns $9,934.68 and you lose $65.32 of your deposit. With these terms the penalty is covered after about 3 months.
Yes. The FDIC lists certificates of deposit among insured deposits, covered up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category. Coverage is principal plus interest accrued through the date the bank fails, so a $245,000 deposit at 4% APY passes the limit after about 6.2 months.
정확도는 입력값과 계산 방법의 가정에 따라 달라집니다. 십진 연산은 유효숫자 50자리를 사용하지만, 추정값·수치해석 방법·원본 데이터의 정밀도는 더 낮을 수 있습니다. 표시값을 반올림해도 이러한 한계는 사라지지 않습니다. 독립적인 출처의 풀이와 대조한 계산 예시: 6. 예를 들어 “Regulation DD example: $1,000 six-month CD, 182 days at 6% compounded daily”은 12 CFR 1030 Appendix A, Part I.A, example (2): interest $30.37, APY 6.18% (Python decimal: (1 + 0.06/365)^365 − 1 = 6.183131 %)와 대조해 확인합니다.
12 CFR 1030 (Regulation DD, Truth in Savings), Appendix A: annual percentage yield calculation; 12 CFR 204.2(c)(1)(i) (Regulation D): minimum early withdrawal penalty on time deposits; 12 CFR 1030.4(b)(6)(ii): disclosure of early withdrawal penalties; FDIC: Understanding deposit insurance.
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