Çatı eğimi: açı, yüzde ve yükselme

Düşey yükselme ve yatay mesafeden açı, yüzde eğim, çatı eğimi (12'de x), eğik uzunluk ve mertek katsayısını hesaplayın.

Güncellendi Doğrulanan örnekler: 8

Negative for a downhill slope
Dene
Açı
°
Açı: 26.5651 °
En fazla ondalık basamak: 4; En yakına; eşit uzaklıkta sıfırdan uzağa
Not
50%
Roof pitch
6in 12
Ratio (rise : run)
1 : 2
Rise per unit of run
0.5
Rafter length factor
1.118034
Slope length
13.4164cm

This slope rises 0.5 for every 1 of run: 26.57° from horizontal, a 50 % grade, or a 6/12 roof pitch. Its sloped length is 13.4164 cm.

Slope profile, to scale

run 12 cmrise 6 cm26.57°6/12 pitch · 50 %
Nasıl hesaplanır S
  1. Slope

    m=riserun=612=0.5m = \frac{\text{rise}}{\text{run}} = \frac{6}{12} = 0.5
  2. Açı

    θ=arctan⁡m=arctan⁡0.5=26.565051∘\theta = \arctan m = \arctan 0.5 = 26.565051^\circ
  3. Grade and pitch

    grade=100m=50 %,pitch=12m=6 in 12\text{grade} = 100m = 50\,\%,\qquad \text{pitch} = 12m = 6 \text{ in } 12
  4. Rafter factor

    1+m2=1+0.52=1.118034\sqrt{1 + m^2} = \sqrt{1 + 0.5^2} = 1.118034

    Multiply a horizontal run by this to get the sloped length.

  5. Slope length

    rise2+run2=12×1.118034=13.416408 cm\sqrt{\text{rise}^2 + \text{run}^2} = 12 \times 1.118034 = 13.416408\,\text{cm}

Çatı eğimi: açı, yüzde ve yükselme hakkında

Every way of stating a slope comes from one ratio, m = rise ÷ run. The angle from horizontal is arctan m, the percent grade is 100m, the roof pitch is 12m (units of rise per 12 of run), and the rafter factor √(1 + m²) turns a horizontal run into the sloped length. Enter a rise and run, or any one of the other forms, and the rest follow.

The default rise of 6 over a run of 12 is a 6/12 roof: 26.57°, a 50% grade and a rafter factor of 1.1180, so 12 cm of run needs 13.4164 cm of rafter. Ramps and roads use the same numbers: the steepest ramp the 2010 ADA Standards allow, 1:12, is an 8.33% grade, or 4.76°.

Percent grade is not an angle: a 100% grade is 45°, and a vertical face has no finite grade or pitch, so angles must lie between −90° and 90°. A negative rise describes a downhill slope.

Çözümlü örnekler

Rise 6, run 12 (a 6/12 roof)

Bilinen ölçü
Rise and run
Rise
6 cm
Run (horizontal distance)
12 cm
Sonuç birimi
Santimetre (cm)
Açı
26.565051 °
Not
50%
Roof pitch
6 in 12
Ratio (rise : run)
1 : 2
Rafter length factor
1.118034
Slope length
13.416408 cm

Doğrulama kaynağı: Python 3.8 math: degrees(atan(0.5)), sqrt(1.25), sqrt(6**2 + 12**2)

45°

Bilinen ölçü
Açı
Angle from horizontal
45 °
Not
100%
Roof pitch
12 in 12
Ratio (rise : run)
1 : 1
Rafter length factor
1.414214

Doğrulama kaynağı: tan 45° = 1; Python 3.8 math.sqrt(2)

8 % road grade

Bilinen ölçü
Percent grade
Not
8%
Açı
4.573921 °
Roof pitch
0.96 in 12
Ratio (rise : run)
1 : 12.5

Doğrulama kaynağı: Python 3.8 math: degrees(atan(0.08)); 12 × 0.08; 1/0.08

4/12 roof pitch

Bilinen ölçü
Roof pitch
Pitch
4 in 12
Açı
18.434949 °
Not
33.333333%
Rafter length factor
1.054093

Doğrulama kaynağı: Python 3.8 math: degrees(atan(4/12)), sqrt(1 + 1/9)

Sorular

How do you convert percent grade to degrees?

Take the arctangent of the grade divided by 100: θ = arctan(grade/100). An 8% road grade is arctan 0.08 = 4.57°, and a 100% grade is 45°, not 90°. The reverse is grade = 100 × tan θ, so a 30° slope is a 57.7% grade.

What angle is a 6/12 roof pitch?

26.57°. A pitch of x/12 means x units of rise for every 12 of run, so the angle is arctan(x/12): 4/12 is 18.43°, 6/12 is 26.57°, 8/12 is 33.69° and 12/12 is 45°. The rafter factor for 6/12 is √1.25 = 1.118, so 12 ft of horizontal run needs 13.42 ft of rafter before any overhang.

What is the maximum slope for a wheelchair ramp?

1:12 under the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (§405.2): one unit of rise for every 12 of run, an 8.33% grade or 4.76°. Each ramp run may rise at most 30 in (§405.6), so a 30 in rise needs a run of at least 30 ft. Other countries set their own limits in their building codes.

How do you calculate rise over run?

Divide the vertical rise by the horizontal run, both in the same unit: m = rise/run. A roof that rises 6 in over 12 in of run has m = 0.5. Measure the run horizontally, not along the surface: the sloped length here is 13.42 in, and dividing by it gives 0.447, the sine of the angle rather than the slope.

“Çatı eğimi: açı, yüzde ve yükselme” ne kadar doğru sonuç verir?

Doğruluk, girdilerinize ve yöntemin varsayımlarına bağlıdır. Ondalık aritmetik 50 anlamlı basamak kullanır; ancak tahminler, sayısal yöntemler ve kaynak veriler daha az hassas olabilir. Gösterilen değerin yuvarlanması bu sınırları ortadan kaldırmaz. Bağımsız kaynaklarla doğrulanan çözümlü örnek sayısı: 8. Örneğin “Rise 6, run 12 (a 6/12 roof)”, Python 3.8 math: degrees(atan(0.5)), sqrt(1.25), sqrt(6**2 + 12**2) ile karşılaştırılarak doğrulanır.

Yöntemin kaynağı nedir?

OpenStax College Algebra 2e, §4.1 — slope as rise over run; US Access Board, ADA Standards §405.2 — ramp slope 1:12 (8.33 %).

Bu hesaplayıcı hakkında

m=riserun,θ=arctan⁡m,grade=100m %pitch=12m in 12,factor=1+m2\begin{gathered} m = \frac{\text{rise}}{\text{run}},\quad \theta = \arctan m,\quad \text{grade} = 100m\,\% \\[6pt] \text{pitch} = 12m \text{ in } 12,\quad \text{factor} = \sqrt{1 + m^2} \end{gathered}

Kaynaklar

  1. OpenStax College Algebra 2e, §4.1 — slope as rise over run
  2. US Access Board, ADA Standards §405.2 — ramp slope 1:12 (8.33 %)

Kaynaklarla doğrulandı

Bu hesaplayıcı, yanıtları bağımsız kaynaklardan alınan 8 çözümlü örnek içerir. Bunlar test paketinde çalıştırılır; burada da çalıştırabilirsiniz.

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