Calculate enterprise value, equity value and value per share with a DCF: projected free cash flows plus a Gordon-growth terminal value.
更新于 已验证的示例：4
Discounting 5 years of cash flow plus a terminal value gives an enterprise value of $86,012,011.42, 72% of it from the years after the projection. After net debt the equity is worth $76,012,011.42, or $7.60 per share.
| 年 | Free cash flow | Discount factor | Present value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $5,400,000.00 | 0.9091 | $4,909,090.91 |
| 2 | $5,832,000.00 | 0.8264 | $4,819,834.71 |
| 3 | $6,298,560.00 | 0.7513 | $4,732,201.35 |
| 4 | $6,802,444.80 | 0.683 | $4,646,161.33 |
| 5 | $7,346,640.38 | 0.6209 | $4,561,685.67 |
| Terminal | $100,404,085.25 | 0.6209 | $62,343,037.45 |
A discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation prices a business as the present value of the free cash flow it will produce. Here this year's free cash flow grows at a constant rate through the projection years, each year is discounted at the discount rate (usually the WACC), and a terminal value covers every later year with the Gordon growth formula, TV = FCF_N × (1 + g_T) ÷ (r − g_T), discounted back from year N. Subtracting net debt gives equity value, and dividing by shares gives value per share.
With the defaults, 5,000,000 of free cash flow growing 8% a year for 5 years, a 10% discount rate and 2.5% terminal growth, the enterprise value is 86,012,011.42, of which the terminal value supplies 62,343,037.45, or 72%. After 10,000,000 of net debt, the equity is worth 76,012,011.42, or 7.60 a share across 10,000,000 shares.
Because the terminal value usually dominates, small changes in the discount rate or terminal growth move the result a long way. Terminal growth must stay below the discount rate.
核验来源：Python decimal (prec 50) summing FCF₀(1.08)^t/1.1^t for t = 1…5 plus the Gordon terminal value discounted 5 years
核验来源：Python decimal (prec 50): Σ PV = 435.812…, TV = 1627.259, EV = 1446.212
核验来源：A level perpetuity is worth FCF / r = 100 / 0.10 = 1000 (Gordon model with g = 0)
核验来源：When g = g_T the whole stream is a growing perpetuity: FCF₁ / (r − g) = 103 / 0.05 = 2060
Project free cash flow, discount each year at the discount rate, add the discounted terminal value, then subtract net debt. With the defaults, the five projected cash flows are worth 23,668,973.97 today and the terminal value 62,343,037.45, so the enterprise value is 86,012,011.42; less 10,000,000 of net debt, equity is 76,012,011.42.
With the Gordon growth formula: next year's cash flow divided by the discount rate minus the long-run growth rate. The default year-5 cash flow is 5,000,000 × 1.08^5 = 7,346,640.38, so TV = 7,346,640.38 × 1.025 ÷ (0.10 − 0.025) = 100,404,085.25 at the end of year 5, or 62,343,037.45 in today's money.
A rate no higher than the risk-free rate used in the valuation, as Aswath Damodaran of NYU Stern advises, because no business can outgrow the whole economy forever. The choice matters: with the other defaults fixed, terminal growth of 2% gives an enterprise value of 81,830,466.23, 2.5% gives 86,012,011.42 and 3% gives 90,790,920.21.
For free cash flow to the firm, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which blends the required return on equity and the after-tax cost of debt. The result is sensitive to it: with the other defaults fixed, a 9% rate values the business at 99,615,400.68, 10% at 86,012,011.42 and 11% at 75,619,499.32.
Enterprise value is what the whole business is worth to all its capital providers; equity value is what is left for shareholders after net debt (debt minus cash). The default enterprise value of 86,012,011.42 minus 10,000,000 of net debt leaves 76,012,011.42 of equity. With net cash, enter net debt as a negative number and equity exceeds enterprise value.
准确性取决于输入值和方法的假设。十进制运算使用50位有效数字，但估算、数值方法和源数据的精度可能较低；显示时的舍入并不能消除这些限制。 已按独立来源核验的计算示例：4。 例如，“Default company”根据Python decimal (prec 50) summing FCF₀(1.08)^t/1.1^t for t = 1…5 plus the Gordon terminal value discounted 5 years进行核验。
Damodaran — Valuation: discounted cash flow models (NYU Stern); CFA Institute — Free cash flow valuation (CFA Program curriculum, Equity valuation).
仅用于规划。贷款机构、税务机关和市场采用各自的舍入方式、费用和规则；作出承诺前，请向相关机构确认数值。
此计算器包含 4 个已解示例，答案来自独立来源。这些示例会在测试套件中运行，你也可以在此运行验证。
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