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Brick calculator: bricks, blocks and mortar

Brick calculator: bricks or blocks for a wall from its size, openings, unit size and joint, with count per m² or ft², mortar volume and waste.

Updated Checked against 5 worked examples

10 mm is standard in metric countries; ⅜ in (9.5 mm) in the US.
%
Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 adds at least 5% to the net brick count for breakage and waste.
More options
%
Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 adds 15–25% to the net mortar quantity.
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Bricks or blocks to buy
pcs
Bricks or blocks to buy: 654 pcs
Shown to rounded up to a whole number
Per square metre
59.26pcs/m²
Per square foot
5.505pcs/ft²
Wall area after openings
10.5m²
Mortar (wet volume)
0.213m³ / 7.51ft³

The wall needs 622 units at 59.26 per m²; with 5% for breakage buy 654. Budget about 0.213 m³ (7.5 ft³) of mixed mortar, including 15% waste.

Wall elevation with courses

1.5 m² open5 m2.4 m
How it's calculated S
  1. Wall area after openings

    5×2.4−1.5=10.5 m25 \times 2.4 - 1.5 = 10.5\ \text{m}^2
  2. Units per square metre

    1(0.215+0.01)(0.065+0.01)=59.259259 /m2\frac{1}{(0.215 + 0.01)(0.065 + 0.01)} = 59.259259\ /\text{m}^2

    Each unit plus half the joint around it occupies one module.

  3. Count with waste

    10.5×59.259259×1.05=653.333333⇒65410.5 \times 59.259259 \times 1.05 = 653.333333 \Rightarrow 654

    Rounded up to whole units.

  4. Mortar

    10.5×0.1025×(1−0.215×0.0650.016875)×1.15=0.212699 m310.5 \times 0.1025 \times \left(1 - \frac{0.215 \times 0.065}{0.016875}\right) \times 1.15 = 0.212699\ \text{m}^3

    The wall volume minus the bricks, plus 15% mortar waste; frogs and cores are ignored.

About the brick calculator

The brick count is the net wall area, after doors and windows, divided by the face area of one brick plus one mortar joint, (length + joint) × (height + joint). A waste allowance is added and the total rounded up. Mortar is the wall volume minus the bricks: net area × wall thickness × the joint share of each module, plus its own waste allowance.

The most widely used UK clay brick is 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm. With the Brick Development Association's nominal 10 mm joint it occupies 225 × 75 mm of wall face, so a half-brick wall takes 59.26 bricks per m². The default 5 × 2.4 m wall with 1.5 m² of openings needs 622.2 bricks, or 654 with 5% waste.

The count is for a single-leaf wall in stretcher bond. A two-leaf wall needs twice as many, and header courses or decorative bonds need extra bricks.

Worked examples

5 × 2.4 m wall, 1.5 m² window, UK bricks, 5% waste

Wall length
5 m
Wall height
2.4 m
Doors and windows (total area)
1.5 m²
Brick or block
Standard brick 215 × 65 mm (UK)
Mortar joint
10 mm
Waste allowance
5%
Wall area after openings
10.5 m²
Per square metre
59.26 pcs/m²
Bricks or blocks to buy
654 pcs
Mortar (wet volume)
0.213 m³

Checked against: Python decimal: 1 ÷ (0.225 × 0.075) = 59.26/m²; 10.5 × 59.26 × 1.05 = 653.3 → 654; mortar 10.5 × 0.1025 × (1 − 13975/16875) × 1.15 (15% mortar waste, BIA Technical Note 10)

One square metre, UK bricks, no waste

Wall length
1 m
Wall height
1 m
Doors and windows (total area)
0 m²
Brick or block
Standard brick 215 × 65 mm (UK)
Mortar joint
10 mm
Waste allowance
0%
Bricks or blocks to buy
60 pcs

Checked against: Brick Development Association, Designing to Brickwork Dimensions (2023): co-ordinating face 225 × 75 mm with a 10 mm joint; 1 ÷ (0.225 × 0.075) = 59.26 → 60

US 8 in CMU, 20 × 8 ft wall, ⅜ in joints

Wall length
20 ft
Wall height
8 ft
Doors and windows (total area)
0 m²
Brick or block
Concrete block 15⅝ × 7⅝ in (US 8 in CMU)
Mortar joint
0.375 in
Waste allowance
0%
Bricks or blocks to buy
180 pcs
Per square foot
1.125 pcs/ft²

Checked against: NCMA TEK 4-2A: 8/9 ft² per unit → 112.5 blocks per 100 ft²; 160 ft² × 1.125 = 180

US modular brick mortar per 100 ft², ⅜ in joints, no waste

Wall length
10 ft
Wall height
10 ft
Doors and windows (total area)
0 m²
Brick or block
Modular brick 7⅝ × 2¼ in (US)
Mortar joint
0.375 in
Waste allowance
0%
Mortar waste allowance
0%
Mortar (wet volume)
5.5 ft³

Checked against: Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10, Table 4: 5.5 ft³ of mortar per 100 ft² of modular brick with ⅜ in joints

Questions

How many bricks are in a square metre?

59.26 for a half-brick wall of standard UK bricks, which rounds up to 60. The Brick Development Association gives the 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm brick a co-ordinating size of 225 × 112.5 × 75 mm with its nominal 10 mm joint, and 1 ÷ (0.225 × 0.075) = 59.26. A one-brick wall, two leaves thick, needs 118.5 per m².

How many bricks are in a square foot?

About 6.75 US modular bricks. Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 lists 675 per 100 ft², using the nominal 8 × 2⅔ in module in which three courses rise 8 in. With the specified 7⅝ × 2¼ in brick and ⅜ in joints this calculator's geometry gives 6.86 per ft², 1.6% more, because three courses then measure 7⅞ in.

How many concrete blocks do I need for a wall?

Divide the net wall area by the face of one block plus its joint. NCMA TEK 4-2A says an 8 × 16 in block laid with ⅜ in joints covers 8/9 ft², which is 112.5 blocks per 100 ft², or 119 with its 5% waste allowance. The UK preset, a 440 × 215 mm block with 10 mm joints, covers 0.10125 m², so 9.88 blocks per m².

How much mortar do I need for 1,000 bricks?

Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 gives 8.1 ft³ of mortar per 1,000 US modular bricks with ⅜ in joints and 10.3 ft³ with ½ in joints, before waste, and says to add 15–25% for mortar waste. In the UK, the Brick Development Association's mortar guide says one tonne of ready-mixed lime:sand, gauged with cement on site, lays about 1,000 bricks.

How much extra brick should I order for waste?

At least 5%, according to Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10, which says to work out the net count, including extra bricks for the bond pattern, before adding waste and to go higher where job conditions warrant. On the default 10.5 m² wall, 5% turns 622.2 bricks into 654. Mortar gets its own allowance of 15–25%.

How accurate is the brick calculator?

Accuracy depends on your inputs and the method's assumptions. Decimal arithmetic uses 50 significant digits, but estimates, numerical methods and source data can be less precise; the displayed rounding does not remove those limits. It is checked against 5 worked examples whose answers come from independent sources; for example, “5 × 2.4 m wall, 1.5 m² window, UK bricks, 5% waste” is checked against Python decimal: 1 ÷ (0.225 × 0.075) = 59.26/m²; 10.5 × 59.26 × 1.05 = 653.3 → 654; mortar 10.5 × 0.1025 × (1 − 13975/16875) × 1.15 (15% mortar waste, BIA Technical Note 10).

Where does the method come from?

Brick Development Association — Designing to Brickwork Dimensions (2023): 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm work size, 225 × 112.5 × 75 mm co-ordinating size; Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 — Dimensioning and Estimating Brick Masonry (675 modular brick per 100 ft²; waste 5% brick, 15–25% mortar); NCMA TEK 4-2A, Estimating Concrete Masonry Materials — 8/9 ft² per 8 × 16 in unit; 119 units per 100 ft² with 5% waste.

About this calculator

N=⌈Anet(ℓ+j)(h+j)(1+waste)⌉,Vmortar=Anet d(1−ℓh(ℓ+j)(h+j))N = \left\lceil \frac{A_{\text{net}}}{(\ell + j)(h + j)} (1 + \text{waste}) \right\rceil,\quad V_{\text{mortar}} = A_{\text{net}}\, d \left(1 - \frac{\ell h}{(\ell + j)(h + j)}\right)

Sources

  1. Brick Development Association — Designing to Brickwork Dimensions (2023): 215 × 102.5 × 65 mm work size, 225 × 112.5 × 75 mm co-ordinating size
  2. Brick Industry Association Technical Note 10 — Dimensioning and Estimating Brick Masonry (675 modular brick per 100 ft²; waste 5% brick, 15–25% mortar)
  3. NCMA TEK 4-2A, Estimating Concrete Masonry Materials — 8/9 ft² per 8 × 16 in unit; 119 units per 100 ft² with 5% waste

Checked against references

5 worked examples with independently sourced answers ship with this calculator. They run in the test suite; you can run them here too.

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