Science calculators

Kinematics calculator for the SUVAT equations: enter three of displacement, initial and final velocity, acceleration and time to get the other two.

Projectile motion calculator: range, maximum height, time of flight and impact speed for any launch angle and height, on Earth or other worlds, with drag.

Centripetal force and acceleration from mass, speed and radius; rpm to rad/s and period; moment of inertia of nine shapes; torque from force and lever arm.

Solve Newton's second law F = ma for force, mass or acceleration, or find acceleration, normal force and friction for a block on an inclined plane.

Horsepower from torque and rpm (hp = lb-ft × rpm ÷ 5252) or from quarter-mile ET and trap speed, with crank vs wheel horsepower and drivetrain loss.

Kinetic energy (½mv²), potential energy (mgh), spring energy, work (Fd cos θ) and power (W/t), solved for any variable, plus the speed after a drop.

Momentum and collision calculator: final velocities, total momentum and kinetic energy lost in an elastic, inelastic or partly elastic head-on collision.

Orbital velocity and period, escape velocity, surface gravity, your weight on the Moon or Mars, and the gravitational force between two masses.

Electricity cost of running an appliance per hour, day, month and year, from its wattage, hours of use and your price per kWh (unit).

Ohm's law calculator: enter any two of voltage, current, resistance and power to get the other two, shown in the units you pick (mA, kΩ…).

Resistor colour code calculator for 4, 5 and 6-band resistors: colours to ohms and tolerance, or a value to its bands, snapped to E12, E24 or E96.

RC and RL time constant and the time to charge or discharge to any percent; series RLC resonant frequency, impedance, phase, Q factor and bandwidth.

Series and parallel resistor calculator: total resistance of any number of resistors, plus capacitors or inductors in series or parallel.

Voltage divider output, or R1 or R2 for a target voltage; the current-limiting resistor for LEDs with its nearest E12 value and power rating.

Voltage drop over a DC, single-phase or three-phase cable run, plus AWG wire size to diameter, mm², kcmil and resistance per km, and back.

Thin lens and mirror equation for image distance, object distance or focal length, with magnification; Snell's law refraction and critical angle.

Convert wavelength to frequency and photon energy, or back, with c = fλ and E = hf, and see where the wave sits in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Solve the ideal gas law PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles or temperature in any units, or find a new state with the combined gas law.

Heat energy from Q = mcΔT (solve for heat, mass, final temperature or specific heat), latent heat Q = mL for melting or boiling, and Carnot efficiency.

Solve C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ for any dilution variable, get molarity, % w/v and ppm from a weighed mass, the mass to weigh for a solution, or molality.

Molar mass in g/mol and mass percent composition of any chemical formula, with brackets and hydrates such as CuSO4·5H2O, from IUPAC 2021 atomic weights.

Calculate pH, pOH, [H⁺] and [OH⁻] from a concentration, a strong acid or base, a weak acid's Ka or pKa, or a Henderson–Hasselbalch buffer.

Convert grams to moles and particles for any chemical formula, and find the limiting reagent, theoretical yield and leftover excess of a balanced reaction.

Light travel time for any distance, apparent and absolute magnitude from the distance modulus, and redshift to recession velocity (relativistic Doppler).

Half-life calculator: amount left, starting amount, elapsed time or half-life from N = N₀·2^(−t/t½), with carbon-14 and other isotope presets.

Percent error from measured and accepted values, and uncertainty propagation through sums, products, quotients and powers, in quadrature or worst case.