Giới thiệu Giải tam giác: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS và SSA
Three measurements fix a triangle as long as at least one of them is a side. The law of cosines, c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos C, solves three sides (SSS) and two sides with the angle between them (SAS). The law of sines, a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C, solves two angles and a side (ASA, AAS). The area comes from ½ab sin C, and the results add the perimeter, all three heights, the inradius and the circumradius.
The default sides of 7, 8 and 9 cm give angles of 48.19°, 58.41° and 73.40° and an area of 26.8328 cm². Surveying and roof framing use the same two laws to find a length that cannot be measured directly from ones that can.
Two sides and an angle that is not between them (SSA) can fit two triangles, one or none. With a = 6, b = 8 and A = 35°, both B = 49.89° and B = 130.11° work, so both triangles are drawn and compared in a table.
Câu hỏi
How do you find a missing side of a triangle that is not right-angled?
With two sides and the angle between them, use the law of cosines: c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos C. For a = 5, b = 7 and C = 49°, c = √(74 − 70 cos 49°) ≈ 5.2987. With two angles and any side, use the law of sines, a/sin A = b/sin B. When C = 90° the cosine term is zero and the law of cosines becomes Pythagoras' theorem.
What is the ambiguous case of the law of sines?
It is the SSA case: two sides and an angle opposite one of them can fit two different triangles. For an acute angle A, find the height h = b sin A. If a < h there is no triangle, if a = h one right triangle, if h < a < b two triangles, and if a ≥ b one. For a = 6, b = 8 and A = 35°, h = 4.589, so B is either 49.89° or 130.11°.
How do you find the angles of a triangle from its three sides?
Rearrange the law of cosines: cos A = (b² + c² − a²)/(2bc), and the same pattern for B and C. For sides 7, 8 and 9, cos A = (64 + 81 − 49)/144 = 0.6667, so A = 48.19°; B = 58.41° and C = 73.40° follow the same way, and the three add up to 180°. The largest angle is always opposite the longest side.
How do you find the area of a triangle without the height?
Take half the product of two sides and the sine of the angle between them: Area = ½ab sin C. Sides 7 and 8 with C = 73.40° give ½ × 7 × 8 × 0.9583 ≈ 26.83. From three sides alone, Heron's formula gives the same answer: the semi-perimeter is 12, and √(12 × 5 × 4 × 3) = √720 ≈ 26.83.
How can you tell if a triangle is acute, right or obtuse from its sides?
Compare the square of the longest side c with the sum of the squares of the other two. If c² < a² + b² the triangle is acute, if they are equal it has a right angle, and if c² is larger it is obtuse. Sides 7, 8 and 9 give 81 < 113, so acute; 3, 4 and 5 give 25 = 25, right; 4, 5 and 8 give 64 > 41, obtuse.
“Giải tam giác: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS và SSA” chính xác đến mức nào?
Độ chính xác phụ thuộc vào dữ liệu nhập và giả định của phương pháp. Phép tính thập phân dùng 50 chữ số có nghĩa, nhưng ước lượng, phương pháp số và dữ liệu nguồn có thể kém chính xác hơn; làm tròn khi hiển thị không loại bỏ các giới hạn đó. Ví dụ có lời giải đã đối chiếu với nguồn độc lập: 8. Ví dụ, “SSS 3-4-5” được kiểm tra bằng Right triangle: area ½·3·4, r = (3 + 4 − 5)/2, R = hypotenuse/2; Python 3.8 math: degrees(acos(0.8)), degrees(acos(0.6)).
Phương pháp này lấy từ đâu?
Weisstein, E. W. “Law of Sines”, “Law of Cosines”, “Triangle” — MathWorld; OpenStax Precalculus 2e, §8.1 Non-right Triangles: Law of Sines (ambiguous case).