Solve the ideal gas law PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles or temperature in any units, or find a new state with the combined gas law.
Actualizado Ejemplos verificados: 6
1 mol of ideal gas at 273.15 K (0 °C) and 101.325 kPa occupies 22.414 L — 22.414 L per mole.
Temperature is always absolute in gas laws: K = °C + 273.15.
The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, links the pressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature of a gas through the molar gas constant R = 8.314 462 618… J/(mol·K). Choose the unknown and enter the other three in any units; the calculator converts to pascals, cubic metres, moles and kelvin before solving. The combined gas law mode holds the amount fixed and uses P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ to find a new pressure, volume or temperature.
Students use it to find the volume of gas a reaction gives off, and engineers use it to estimate how much gas a tank holds. With the defaults, 1 mol at 0 °C and 1 atm occupies 22.414 L, the CODATA molar volume of an ideal gas at those conditions.
The law ignores molecular size and attraction. Carbon dioxide at 25 °C and 1 atm deviates from it by about 0.5 %; the calculator warns above 100 bar or below 150 K, where a van der Waals or virial equation fits better.
Fuente de comprobación: CODATA 2022 molar volume of an ideal gas at 273.15 K, 101.325 kPa: 22.413 969 54 L/mol
Fuente de comprobación: Python 3.8 decimal: 2 × 8.31446261815324 × 300 / 0.01 = 498867.757 Pa
Fuente de comprobación: Python 3.8 decimal: 100000 / (8.31446261815324 × 298.15) = 40.3395455
Fuente de comprobación: Python 3.8 decimal: 101325 × 0.024465 / 8.31446261815324 = 298.14508 K
R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 J/(mol·K), exact since the 2019 SI revision because it is the product of two fixed constants, the Avogadro constant and the Boltzmann constant. In other units it is 0.082 057 L·atm/(mol·K), 8.314 L·kPa/(mol·K) and 62.364 L·mmHg/(mol·K). Use the version that matches your pressure and volume units, or convert everything to SI as this calculator does.
It depends on which STP is meant. At 0 °C and 1 atm (101.325 kPa), one mole of ideal gas occupies 22.414 L; at 0 °C and 100 kPa, the standard pressure IUPAC has recommended since 1982, it occupies 22.711 L; at 25 °C and 1 atm it occupies 24.465 L. Check which definition your textbook or exam uses, since the first two differ by 1.3 %.
Gas pressure and volume are proportional to absolute temperature, which starts at absolute zero, −273.15 °C. Going from 10 °C to 20 °C looks like doubling, but the absolute temperature only rises from 283.15 K to 293.15 K, a 3.5 % increase, so at constant pressure the gas expands by 3.5 %, not 100 %. The calculator converts °C and °F to kelvin before solving.
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ for a fixed amount of gas. It merges Boyle's law (PV constant at fixed temperature), Charles's law (V/T constant at fixed pressure) and Gay-Lussac's law (P/T constant at fixed volume). Heating a sealed rigid container from 20 °C to 40 °C raises 100 kPa to 106.8 kPa, because the pressure scales with 313.15 K ÷ 293.15 K.
La precisión depende de tus datos y de los supuestos del método. El cálculo decimal usa 50 cifras significativas, pero las estimaciones, los métodos numéricos y los datos de origen pueden ser menos precisos; el redondeo mostrado no elimina esos límites. Ejemplos resueltos comprobados con fuentes independientes: 6. Por ejemplo, «1 mol at 0 °C and 1 atm» se comprueba con CODATA 2022 molar volume of an ideal gas at 273.15 K, 101.325 kPa: 22.413 969 54 L/mol.
CODATA 2022 — molar gas constant R and molar volume of an ideal gas (22.413 969 54 L/mol at 273.15 K, 101.325 kPa); OpenStax Chemistry 2e, §9.2 Relating pressure, volume, amount, and temperature: the ideal gas law.
Esta calculadora incluye 6 ejemplos resueltos con respuestas de fuentes independientes. Forman parte del conjunto de pruebas y también puedes ejecutarlos aquí.
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