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सम्मिश्र संख्या कैलकुलेटर

Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers, raise them to powers, find nth roots, and convert a + bi to polar form, with an Argand diagram.

अपडेट किया गया जाँचे गए उदाहरण: 7

Rectangular a + bi (j also works) or polar r∠θ; θ uses the angle unit from settings unless you add ° or rad
आज़माएँ
परिणाम
11 − 2i
परिणाम: 11 − 2i
Real part
11
Imaginary part
−2
Modulus |z|
11.1803398875
Argument (angle)
−10.3048464688
Polar form
11.18034 ∠ −10.304846°

z₁ × z₂ = 11 − 2i, which is 11.18034 ∠ −10.304846° in polar form.

Argand diagram (dashed: unit circle)

ReImz₁ = 3 + 4iz₂ = 1 − 2iresult = 11 − 2i
गणना कैसे होती है S

  1. Multiply out, using i² = −1

    (ac−bd)+(ad+bc) i=(3⋅1−4⋅(−2))+(3⋅(−2)+4⋅1) i=11−2i(ac - bd) + (ad + bc)\,i = (3\cdot1 - 4\cdot(-2)) + (3\cdot(-2) + 4\cdot1)\,i = 11 - 2i

  2. Polar form of the result

    11.18033989 ∠ −10.30484647∘11.18033989\,\angle\,-10.30484647^\circ

सम्मिश्र संख्या कैलकुलेटर के बारे में

A complex number z = a + bi has a real part a and an imaginary part b, where i² = −1. Addition, subtraction and multiplication work in rectangular form; division multiplies top and bottom by the conjugate of the divisor. Powers and roots use polar form, z = r(cos θ + i sin θ): De Moivre's formula raises the modulus r to the power n and multiplies the angle θ by n.

Electrical engineers use complex numbers for AC impedance and phasors, and algebra students meet them as roots of polynomials. The default multiplies (3 + 4i)(1 − 2i) = 3 − 6i + 4i − 8i² = 11 − 2i, whose modulus is √125 ≈ 11.1803.

Inputs can be rectangular (3 + 4i, with j accepted for i) or polar (2∠90). Angles follow the degree, radian or gradian setting, and the argument is given between −180° and 180°. The Argand diagram draws each number as an arrow from the origin.

हल किए गए उदाहरण

(3 + 4i)(1 − 2i)

Operation
Multiply z₁ × z₂
z₁
3 + 4i
z₂
1 - 2i
परिणाम
11 − 2i
Real part
11
Imaginary part
-2

जाँच का स्रोत: 3 − 6i + 4i − 8i² = 11 − 2i (hand calculation; Python (3+4j)*(1-2j))

(3 + 4i) ÷ (1 − 2i)

Operation
Divide z₁ ÷ z₂
z₁
3 + 4i
z₂
1 - 2i
परिणाम
−1 + 2i
Real part
-1
Imaginary part
2

जाँच का स्रोत: Python (3+4j)/(1-2j) = (-1+2j)

Polar form of 3 + 4i

Operation
Convert to polar form
z₁
3 + 4i
Modulus |z|
5
Argument (angle)
53.1301023542

जाँच का स्रोत: Python decimal: atan2(4, 3) in degrees via Machin-series arctangent (hp.py)

(1 + i)⁸

Operation
Power z₁ⁿ
z₁
1 + i
n
8
परिणाम
16
Real part
16
Imaginary part
0

जाँच का स्रोत: Python (1+1j)**8 = (16+0j); (√2)⁸ = 16 at angle 8 × 45° = 360°

सवाल

How do you multiply complex numbers?

Expand the brackets and replace i² with −1: (a + bi)(c + di) = (ac − bd) + (ad + bc)i. For (3 + 4i)(1 − 2i) that is (3 + 8) + (−6 + 4)i = 11 − 2i. In polar form the rule is shorter: multiply the moduli and add the angles, so 5∠53.13° × 2.236∠−63.43° = 11.18∠−10.30°.

How do you divide complex numbers?

Multiply the top and bottom by the conjugate of the divisor, which makes the denominator a real number. (3 + 4i)/(1 − 2i) = (3 + 4i)(1 + 2i)/(1² + 2²) = (3 + 6i + 4i + 8i²)/5 = (−5 + 10i)/5 = −1 + 2i. Division by 0 + 0i is undefined.

How do you convert a complex number to polar form?

The modulus is r = √(a² + b²) and the argument is θ = atan2(b, a), which picks the correct quadrant. For 3 + 4i, r = √(9 + 16) = 5 and θ ≈ 53.130°, so 3 + 4i = 5∠53.130°. Plain arctan(b/a) gives the wrong angle when the real part is negative: −3 − 4i has an argument of about −126.870°, not 53.130°.

What is De Moivre's theorem?

For z = r(cos θ + i sin θ) and a whole number n, zⁿ = rⁿ(cos nθ + i sin nθ). So (1 + i)⁸, with r = √2 and θ = 45°, equals (√2)⁸ = 16 at an angle of 8 × 45° = 360°, which is the real number 16. The same idea gives n evenly spaced nth roots: the cube roots of 8 are 2 and −1 ± 1.732051i, 120° apart.

What is the square root of −1?

The imaginary unit i, defined by i² = −1; −i is the other square root. Every negative number has two imaginary square roots, so √−4 = ±2i, and the principal root, the one with argument 90°, is 2i. Powers of i repeat every four steps: i, −1, −i, 1, then i again.

“सम्मिश्र संख्या कैलकुलेटर” कितना सटीक है?

सटीकता आपके इनपुट और विधि की मान्यताओं पर निर्भर करती है। दशमलव गणना 50 सार्थक अंकों का उपयोग करती है, लेकिन अनुमान, संख्यात्मक विधियाँ और स्रोत डेटा कम सटीक हो सकते हैं। दिखाए गए मानों को पूर्णांकित करने से ये सीमाएँ दूर नहीं होतीं। स्वतंत्र स्रोतों के हल किए गए उदाहरणों से जाँच: 7। उदाहरण के लिए, “(3 + 4i)(1 − 2i)” की जाँच 3 − 6i + 4i − 8i² = 11 − 2i (hand calculation; Python (3+4j)*(1-2j)) से की गई है।

इस विधि का स्रोत क्या है?

Wolfram MathWorld — Complex Number; Wolfram MathWorld — de Moivre's Identity.

इस कैलकुलेटर के बारे में

z=a+bi=r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)r=a2+b2,θ=atan2⁡(b,a)zn=rn(cos⁡nθ+isin⁡nθ)\begin{gathered} z = a + bi = r(\cos\theta + i\sin\theta) \\[4pt] r = \sqrt{a^2+b^2},\quad \theta = \operatorname{atan2}(b, a) \\[10pt] z^n = r^n(\cos n\theta + i \sin n\theta) \end{gathered}

स्रोत

  1. Wolfram MathWorld — Complex Number
  2. Wolfram MathWorld — de Moivre's Identity

संदर्भों से जाँच की गई

इस कैलकुलेटर में स्वतंत्र स्रोतों के उत्तरों वाले 7 हल किए गए उदाहरण शामिल हैं। ये परीक्षण समूह में चलते हैं और आप इन्हें यहाँ भी चला सकते हैं।

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